The Mental Health of Prisoners - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 546 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/03/26 Category Psychology Essay Level High school Tags: Anxiety Essay Did you like this example? This article is important because it focuses on psychological changes, social problems solving, and effects that males experience while in prison. The pains of imprisonment have grown over decades causing prisoners to undergo harsh conditions, along with facing many different problematic situations to survive in prison. The article mentioned how many males who are incarcerated have a hard time adjusting while facing many challenging consequences, that can have an effect on their mental stability and social issues. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Mental Health of Prisoners" essay for you Create order Also, having an effect on how they deal and cope with different situation in prison which can lead to the male prisoner having built up anxiety. The mental health of prisoners is discussed and how some of their mental health issues are connected to earlier experiences and other traumatic events that may have been experienced. Although, all of the prisoners do not have a challenge with mental health issues, for example depression or anxiety. Some prisoners develop mental illnesses while being incarcerated because they are being exposed to many different violent acts and altercations that they have not been exposed to before. Violence throughout prisons can be a result from psychological, mental, and social problems that the inmates face on a daily basis. Exposure to many different violent acts, mistreatment, and rape are the main factors why inmates deal with depression. Some inmates encounter and suffer from many different counts of rape. Inmates who were incarcerated for a longer period of time showed that they were at higher risk for being treated for a mental disorder. The method used for collecting this data were assessments, SPSI-R, NPO, and more which are self-report questionnaires. All data was analyzed using SPSS. Reflection: The results throughout this study was surprising to me. I didnt realize how many males who are incarcerated who deal many psychological and social problems which can lead to depression or stress. I believe this study adds to the field of psychology because it deals with mental health issues within the prisons, for example many inmates deal with trauma before they are sentenced and while they are incarcerated. It also relates to psychology because many inmates face difficulties dealing and coping with different situations. For example, many inmates deal with anxiety and depression. This study throughout the article can be related to the field of forensic psychology. Forensic psychology plays a big part in this this article because it deals with social problem solving, resulting back on what traumatic events or events caused someone to commit the crime they did. Also, the inmates then have a hard time coping or solving problems on the crime they committed and their ability to deal with being imprisoned. This article is associated with human behaviors and interactions in psychology the psychology field. My overall opinion of the article was that the study should have consisted of more life traumatic events other than early childhood trauma and trauma that occurs within the inmates who are imprisoned. Overall, I really enjoyed the article and learning different things about prisoners and what they have a hard time dealing and coping with. Also, I liked this article because I found out information that I w asnt clear on before. For example, the negative problem orientation throughout jails are the highest dealing with anxiety and depression between inmates.

Transferring Knowledge - 907 Words

Throughout life, people in many positions attain knowledge that can be of use in a variety of different ways, such as a job, a social setting, or an educational setting. Throughout the first semester of freshman year at the University of Oklahoma I was a participant in a Principles of English Composition class that was intellectually challenging whilst still maintaining the expectations of a first year English class. In the semester of English 1113, the class discussed discursive practices, metacognition, critical reflection, and strategies to transfer knowledge that has been gained to other events in our lives. Learning about the structures of discourses and how writing is constructed specifically to the context by which the writing is†¦show more content†¦Using the CARS model I established a niche, which was to explain the workings of the political science discipline, and I occupied the niche by using information I had researched. Having the ability to analyze a discourse community helps a research paper because it helps one to understand what is important within a group of people. The paper was very useful, because having knowledge of discourse communities will help me in the future. In English 1113, a considerable amount of time was spent on understanding how discourse communities function and what a discourse community really is. This knowledge is extremely useful for future classes, and even in future jobs. In John Swales’s, â€Å"The Concept of Discourse Community†, he writes about how discourse communities use specific terms, have specific genres, and have an amount of members that is necessary for the Community to function (Swales). Having this knowledge of how a discourse community functions will be key in my sustaining a career. I now know how to learn about a discourse community and figure out how to be in one. In the career path I choose to follow I will need to use my knowledge of a discourse community. I will need to analyz e the discourse community to figure out what terms are used, what genres are held in high regards, and what amount of members are necessary for the discourse community to function to be an adequate and helpful member of the discipline I become a part ofShow MoreRelatedBusiness1053 Words   |  5 PagesSIMULATION CRITICAL REFLECTION FEEDBACK Definition Reflective learning is an understanding and a disposition that a student builds across the curriculum and co-curriculum, from making simple connections among ideas and experiences to synthesising and transferring learning to new, complex situations within and beyond the campus. Task The Critical Reflection offers students the opportunity to critically reflect on their learning experiences both in the course and across their program. Students are requiredRead MoreAnalysis Of Homer s Narrative About The Gods1049 Words   |  5 Pagesidea that Hesiod is not attempting to find the Arche. Poetry may cause the audience to question and develop their own thought, but it does not specifically portray what the Arche is. Even in Hesiod’s Theogony, he fails to find unity within the transferring of power and, therefore, does not find unity of divine law. Hesiod’s role in philosophy is best exemplified by lines 28 and 29 of Theogony, where it states, â€Å"We know how to tell many believable lies, but also, when we want to, how to speak theRead Moreunderstand how to plan assessment Essay729 Words   |  3 Pagesas important, be fully aware of what your looking for the students to achieve throughout assessment. Conformation of relevant policies, requirements and qualifications for your particular subject. You will need the knowledge of the topic you are assessing, you will also need knowledge of assessment procedures. This is so assessments are fair and there is consistency across all students which hold said qualification. Are learners ready for assessment, you will need to decide wether your studentsRead MorePersonal Learning Environment And Learning Environments961 Words   |  4 Pageslife. Societies rely on each individual’s contributions to the community, and if everyone has better educational backgrounds, improvements in the world would become much easier, and the circle comes back around, only further increasing the base knowledge and capacity for growth in each society. Before anyone in a society can provide his or her services up, that person must first have a strong basis for what can and should be done. Also learning is the key to achieving a person’s full potential. HumanRead MoreThe Role Of An Enterprise Fosters The Learning Process Of An Organization1644 Words   |  7 PagesNonaka believes that cultural knowledge, implicit knowledge and the role of an enterprise fosters the learning process of an organization. While Gavin suggests measurable indices and standard processes are indispensable to measure the learning processes to build a learning organization. He criticizes the approach of Nonaka and suggests that without a track and audit it is difficult to introduce and manage the learning culture in a corporation. Learning needs a concrete change in the behavior amongRead MoreColoplast Case Study Essay891 Words   |  4 Pagesoperating with Danish and Hungarian production plants, where production processes were not the same. Misunderstandings and miscommunication arose amongst employees and created managerial and operational challenges. Another issue that arose was knowledge management and this became a problem since there was very limited documentation on inconsistencies in equipment operation as well as no proper standardization of systems in place. The solution to these problems is to implement company wide processesRead MoreChildren s Knowledge And Understanding Of Place Value1552 Words   |  7 Pages EDP243 Children as Mathematical Learners Assessment One Child Study - Diagnosing Children’s Knowledge and Understanding of Place Value Tayhla Wood 18866371 Tutor: Kerrie Maxwell The following child study is divided into two components discussing aspects of place value as a concept taught in mathematics education. Component A introduces the topic by discussing the significance of interview style assessment, followed by discussion on the importance and teaching of place valueRead MoreLearning Is A Film Major Right?962 Words   |  4 Pagesasked (mostly by those who weren’t film students— although there were exceptions), â€Å"you don’t really learn anything as a film major right?† Learning I learned almost everything I know about film while in film school and I plan to impart the same knowledge on my students. How my students will learn will be greatly influenced by organizational factors, including leadership, culture and structures. Keeping this in mind, as a teacher, it is important to understand that learners come to higher educationRead MoreMy First Experience At Kroger Pharmacy912 Words   |  4 Pagesprescription. Through this experience, I was able to shadow at each work station and work hands-on at production and some at drop-off. Furthermore, I participated in activities like taking a phone-in prescription, testing my blood glucose levels, and transferring a prescription. On my first day, I was able to witness how the pharmacy team works together in order to fill the prescription. Each step of the prescription filling process was discussed. I learned how to put ordered inventory away on the racksRead MoreTeachers And Students Fight For Students829 Words   |  4 Pagesmathematical instruction by providing real-world connections, utilizing manipulatives, observing student learning, allowing students time to talk, reflect and problem solve. These strategies will allow students to build upon their understanding and knowledge of fractions and apply their learning to various situations (Naiser, Wright, Capraro, 2004). In order to create a variety of meaningful learning experiences many educators attempt to use mathematical manipulatives. Manipulatives have the power to

Competitive Strategy for Internal Resources and Capabilities

Question: Discuss about theCompetitive Strategy for Internal Resources and Capabilities. Answer: What is the Spirit Airline strategy? The strategy applied by Spirit Airline is a business strategy. Typically, there are two types of strategies that can be considered in this case. The business strategy and corporate strategy. A corporate strategy relates to the decision of a firm to determine what kind of a business activity to undertake and then commit the resources necessary for the task (Barnett 2004). In this case the strategy of Spirit Airline is a business strategy because an activity have been selected. All the company need is to have a competitive advantage in the industry. Assess spirit Airline strategy in terms of its fit (with its business environment and its internal resources/ capabilities). The business strategy applied by Spirit Airline have a perfect positive correlation with business environment along with capabilities to undertake the business. First, Spirit Airline is an ultra-low-cost company. This low fare airline make affordable offers to the customers so as to enable them move from one destination to another. Therefore, by lowering the costs in this business environment, Spirit Airline will be able to attract more customers as compared to other airlines. Therefore, the business strategy fit the company fully (Thomas 2009). In terms of resources and capabilities, Spirit Airline uses its ULCC business model to offer low and affordable travel fares to its customers. This is associated with a range of optional services that they offer. In that case, the customers are in a position to select the options they find fit for them from that list produced by the company. Spirit Airline have capability of lowering their travel costs and at the same time able to maintain hu ge profit margins. Assess spirit Airline strategy in relation to its financial performance (ROE, ROA, and fuel/Turn). Spirit Airline business strategy have enabled the company to generate huge profits. The financial performance of Spirit Airline have been facing serious troubles in the past. However, by application of business strategy, the company have been able to possess an upward trend in terms of financial performance. Again, in terms of fuel, there have been some benefits associated with reduction in prices of oil. This have boosted the financial performance of Spirit Airline business to a larger extent. Again, there has been recovery of the US economy from great depression which as well play a significant part in financial performance (Saunders, Lewis Thornhill 2009). In terms of ROE, Spirit Airline have been able to utilize ultra-low cost structure to attain a manageable operation costs which have been facilitated by utilization of aircraft services, high carrying capacity, dedicated workforce along with well-planned flight schedules. Again, there has been reduction on costs associated with sales, marketing as well as in distribution. Finally on ROA, Spirit Airline Company have been able to achieve financial performance by using the opportunities to position or to strategize itself for growth and development (Ryan Deci 2017). There has been several networks that have opened up. Thus, the market for the services offered by the company are increasing. There are still more targeted markets such as Latin America and Caribbean. The existence of niche markets along with new opportunities in Latin America and Caribbean have assisted the company to focus on financial performance. What can we learn from financial data about the sources of its performance compared to competition? The financial data offered for Spirit Airline are indicating a particular trend on operating data as well as in the financial position of Spirit Airline Company. The cash flow statement also offer substantial financial data on performance of Spirit Airline Company. Each year from 2012 to 2015, the net income generated by Spirit Airline Company tend to be an upward trend. This is a very positive trend in business (Richard 2013). It indicate that the business is undergoing growth and development. If this is compared to what the competitors have dine in this field of business, then we can be able to indicate whether Spirit Airline have achieved competitive advantage. On competition, it is very clear that airline industry tend to be very competitive. This implies that, Spirit Airline need to come up with strategies to outdone these competitors and in return gain the competitive advantage (McGregor 2012). From the financial data, it is clear and distinct that Spirit Airline have been able to outdo the competitors. This may have resulted from application of business strategy such lowering travel costs and offering a range of options to the consumers on the service list. What threats does spirit Airline face; how should it counter these threats? The main challenge that Spirit Airline face in this industry is competition. There are a number of Airline companies that are in operation. In that case, the whole industry is affected by intense competition which result to dismal profit margins (Maslow 2013). To counter this problem, Spirit Airline Company need to use business strategy to attract consumers and in return attain competitive advantage. What threats to its continuing growth and prosperity should spirit airline be most concerned with? Spirit Airline Company should be concerned with treats such as poor economic conditions that can affect business growth, instability in capital structure to expand the business and risks of uncertainty relating to airline services. What changes/ recommendations in spirit airline strategy would you recommend? My recommendation to business strategy on Spirit Airline is based on the future of Airline industry. In the near future, the world will become a global village (Weiss 2013). The company should revisit the strategy to figure out whether it is possible to offer airline services to many more destinations. The company also need to apply the modern technology in airline industry so as to facilitate the underlying operations. References. Barnett, MB 2004, Rules of the World: International Organizations in Global Politics, Cornell University Press. Maslow, AH 2013, A Theory of Human Motivation, Start publishing LLC. McGregor, D 2012, the Human Side of Enterprise, New Yolk, 21. Richard, A 2013, Job Satisfaction from Herzbergs Two Factor Theory Perspective, Grin publishing. Ryan, RM., Deci, EL 2017, Self-Determination Theory: Basic Psychological Need in Motivation, development and Wellness, The Guilford press. Saunders, M., Lewis, P. Thornhill, A 2009, Research methods for business students, Pearson. Thomas, KW 2009, Intrinsic Motivation: What Really Drives Employees Engagement, Berret-Koehler publishers. Weiss, TG 2013, the United Nations and Changing World Politics, Westview Press.

Sample Questions and Anwsers for Retail Hsc Papers Essay Example

Sample Questions and Anwsers for Retail Hsc Papers Essay Identify and outline THREE functions of a retail environment. 3 * making a profit, * providing employment or * Functions within a retail environment (eg Buying, customer service). * A clear outline of each function, indicating its main features (eg buying involves the selection of products relevant to customers. needs), or its purpose (eg provide excellent customer service to ensure customer loyalty and repeat business). Describe the impact of technology on ONE of the key functions of retail organisations, using a relevant example. * Clearly identified a specific piece of technology used in retail organisations and described how this technology had affected a key function of retail organisations. * Average responses either identified an impact of technology on a key function, providing a retail-specific piece of technology, or described the impact of technology on the retail organisation without providing a specific example. * Weaker responses identified a piece of technology and did not identify any impact this technology had on a retail organisation. Some of these responses simply described what a piece of technology did. IDENTIFY two types of customer objections AND RECOMMEND a strategy to overcome each objection. 4 * Clearly identified two objections related to price, time or merchandise, and recommended a relevant strategy to overcome each. * Average responses either correctly identified one type of objection and provided a relevant strategy or simply identified two strategies that could be used to overcome customer objections. Explain the benefits to retailers of offering a range of non-cash payment options to customers. * Clearly explained at least two benefits such as increasing customer loyalty, increasing sales or reducing the risk of error or theft as less cash handling is involved. * Weaker responses simply listed a benefit of offering non-cash payment options or explained the benefits to customers. Evaluate the effectiveness of TWO strategies a retailer could use to reduce hazards in a retail store. 4 Clearly provided two strategies and evaluated their effectiveness in reducing hazards in the store. a. Explain the purpose of anti-discrimination legislation. * To ensure that everyone was treated fairly and equally and that discrimination on the basis of gender, ethnic background, religion, sexuality, marital status or a disability was illegal. * Weaker responses either identified one example of anti-discrimination legislation or made a general statement about anti-discrimination legislation. b. Describe strategies that a retailer could use to implement anti-discrimination legislation. 4 * Clearly described a range of strategies that a retailer could use. Weaker responses described one strategy a retailer could use to implement anti-discrimination policies in the workplace or listed two different strategies without providing characteristics or features of how these could be implemented. A customer wants to purchase a washing machine. The sales assistant needs to place an order as there are no washi ng machines left in stock. a. Outline a procedure that the sales assistant could follow to order the product. 2 * Outlined several steps in a procedure that could be followed to order a washing machine. We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Questions and Anwsers for Retail Hsc Papers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Questions and Anwsers for Retail Hsc Papers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sample Questions and Anwsers for Retail Hsc Papers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer These were correctly outlined in a logical order, eg record customer details, contact supplier, complete product order form, and follow up with customer when product arrives. * Bad response outlined part of a procedure for ordering a washing machine or listed steps. b. Describe methods that a sales assistant could use to develop rapport with customers. 4 * Clearly described methods that a sales assistant could use to develop rapport with customers. These responses included methods such as ascertaining customer needs, questioning techniques and offering customer loyalty programs. Mid-range responses described one method that a sales assistant could use to develop rapport with customers or simply listed several methods. Describe and provide examples of the THREE main methods of approaching customers in a retail environment. 3 * Merchandise approach is used when a customer shows interest in a particular product and a salesperson may respond with those jackets have been very popular this season * Service approach- ask if customer needs assistance * Greeting approach- welcomes the customer into the store Demonstrate how retail employees can behave ethically and responsibly in the workplace. Ethical behaviour involved work duties such as eliminating discriminatory behaviour and awareness of the need for discretion, tact and confidentiality when discussing the business. Responsible behaviour included consistently applying these policies and procedures, as well as following OHS legislative requirements. * Clearly supply detailed examples of both ethical and responsible behaviour from the workplace. * Bad ones showed a limited understanding of either ethical or responsible behaviour or were incapable of distinguishing between them. Some of these candidates also discussed expectations rather than behaviours. Identify and explain why a specific closing technique may be used by professional salespersons. 3 A number of candidates were unable to interpret the intention of this question and provided generic responses as to how a salesperson could close a retail store at the end of trading for the day. * Clearly identified and explained a specific closing technique using correct retail terminology. Responses such as assumptive close, final chance, special offer, and narrow down were commonly identified and specific explanations as to the use of such techniques were provided. Average responses clearly identified a closing technique using correct retail terminology but were only able to provide a limited explanation as to why that specific technique was used. * Poorer responses either identified a closing technique without any explanation as to why that particular closing technique should be used or provided a simple narrative response using nonretail specific terminology. A number of poorer res ponses misunderstood the intention of the question and provided an explanation of how to close a store or to farewell a customer. Outline signals a customer may use to indicate that she/he is ready to buy a product. 2 * Provide a range of buying signals shown by customers such as producing a wallet/purse, taking the product to the point of sale area or asking a salesperson. Where do I pay for this item? * Able to incorporate an adequate description of how these signals should be interpreted as buying signals by the professional salesperson * Average responses only identified a buying signal without providing an outline of how these signals should be interpreted as buying signals by the professional salesperson. Outline why housekeeping procedures are important in the point-of-sale area. 2 Most candidates outlined the positive effects of good housekeeping (eg improved sales). Better responses clearly outlined the importance of housekeeping in the point of sale area. (more than one) Compare and contrast the professional behaviour and personal presentation for a salesperson in a hardware store and an exclusive menswear store. 4 * Included both similarities and differences between salespeople in both retail environments in relation to both their behaviour and presentation. Poorer responses identified some similarities or differences between the retail environments but displayed a limited knowledge of common standards of behaviour or presentation in the retail environment. Many students were unable to give details about common standards but were able to relate knowledge about the differences between the two retail environments. Retailers offer a wide variety of payment options to customers. Eval uate the advantages and disadvantages of these for RETAILERS. 15) The majority of candidates used a range of payment options, highlighting their respective advantages and disadvantages from a retailers’ point of view. The range of payment options evaluated included: cash, credit cards, debit cards, EFTPOS, lay-by, gift vouchers, credit notes, store accounts, barter card, travellers cheques and smart cards. * Identified and described a comprehensive range of payment options and effectively evaluated each one. * Also able to make a judgement on whether certain payment options were of value to the etailer or not. * Poorer responses concentrated on only one payment option or gave a general evaluation of payment options as a whole. Describe the responsibilities of retail employers to manage risks under Occupational Health and Safety legislation. (15). Candidates generally described the employer’s responsibilities with the risk management process including identification, assessment and control of risks. They also included some descript ion of the safety of others such as customers and tradesmen. Clearly described the establishment and duties of the OHS committee as well as the need for employers to provide appropriate training in the use of equipment, manual handling techniques and general safety within the work environment. * Average responses were able to outline a number of the responsibilities of employers under the OHS Act (2000) in terms of risk reduction but were unable to provide a description of the need for training in the workplace. Responses also contained some descriptive rather than retail specific terminology. Recommend a suitable greeting a retail assistant could use that includes both verbal and non-verbal communication. 2 Smile and say hello to make the customer feel welcome. Provide an example of how stereotyping can be a barrier to effective communication with customers. 2 If sales assistants make judgements or assumptions about customers, then their individual needs may not be met, e. g. dressed casually so could not afford expensive jewellery. Recommend THREE strategies retailers can use to be environmentally responsible. * They reduce the number of bags being given to customers so that this reduces the amount of non-biodegradable rubbish * Dispose of waste thoughtfully through correct channels so as to not pollute waterways * Recycle, Reuse, Reduce. This will reduce the amount of packaging that ends up in landfill and reduces the amount of trees needed for paper and cardboard production Australian supermarket shoppers are now able to scan, bag and pay for grocery items themselves u sing a self-serve checkout. Explain the impact that the introduction of self-serve checkouts can have on retailers. Self-serve checkouts will mean more customers can be served and waiting times can be reduced. Costs will fall, as less staff is required on checkouts. However, the store will have to spend money to purchase the equipment and train staff. They could also increase the opportunity for theft. Explain the importance of signs and symbols when managing OHS in theworkplace. 4 Signs and symbols help prevent injuries to customers and staff because they are made aware of potential hazards and can avoid injury, e. g. lippery when wet sign, danger– hot surface sign. This will reduce costs to a retailer through insurance and workers compensation claims. Analyse the THREE different types of complaints and how they can be effectively handled to ensure customer satisfaction. 15 Types of complaints: * PRICE – overcharging, value for money, incorrect * PRODUCT – damaged, faulty, does not match description * SERVICE – poor and inconsistent service (slow, pushy, abrupt, disinterested, lack of product knowledge) Handling complaints effectively: Convey positive, helpful attitude in line with store policy * Use sensitivity, cou rteousness, discretion, active listening, effective questioning * Refer to supervisor when required * Complete relevant documentation * Follow-up action as required Customer satisfaction * Improved relationships customer loyalty, good reputation, repeat business, maximise future sales * Identifying and overcoming existing problems – improving product/service quality * Eliminating entrenched work practices * Improving productivity * Enhancing output quality * Future development of the store/employees

Supply And Demand Essays - Economics, Economy, Consumer Theory

Supply And Demand Economics, supply and demand In the article we find that teenagers have the oppertunity to be demanding about their salary in the baby sitting field, because the amount of babysitters today are scarce. The babysitting population, teenagers, find themselves busy with school, part time jobs, and extracirricular activity. Teenagers with drivers licenses are even more scarce than those with out, all in all, It's hard to find a babysitter. Times have changed, just twenty years ago there were 33 million children who needed to be watched, and 39 million babysitters(age 10 - 19), recent polls suggest that children that need to be watched raised 18 percent to 39 million while baby sitters dropped 5 percent to 37 million. The rise in children coupled with American families spending more time out then years ago, has allowed the babysitters to set their price with out haggeling. Baby sitters are making well over the federal minimum wage of $5.15 an hour because they are in demand, and scarce; the babysitters who train in CPR, serve dinner, and drive are the hardest to come by and can demand the highest wages. In this article we see many examples of supply and damand and the powers of supply and demand. Babysitters are in demand, there is an increase in the amount of children who need to be watched yet there are relativly few who choose to babysit from the allready decreased amount of the babysitter work force. This gives the babysitter the advantage of a noncompetitive work force, allowing the baby sitter to set the price with out bargaining. If we were to compare two different production possibility frontiers, we would see a left shift of the curve while demand for baby sitters rises, from 1980 to 1996. In economics we concider this an inflation, the amount of resources(babysitters) decreased while the demand for them rose. This is what we would concider the begining of an econic problem because the resources are scarce. This resulted in an increase of price for that service. We also see that the most experienced, oldest, responcible, and best trained babysitters set the highest prices by up to 60% from a "novice" sallery of $4 to a "expert" sallery of $10 and consumers are willing to pay. A consumer is willing to pay that extra $6 an hour for the piece of mind they get when they go out and know that their children are being attending to in the best possible way, much like a consumer is willing to by name brand products for a higher price because they just "feel" like its better. In the next two or three years the work force of the babysitters will grow, and so will the number of people under the age of 10, this will show a steady PPC with no signs of relief for the consumer. This article shows the power of supply and demand. 20 years ago when children under the age of 10 and baby sitters age 10-19 were both fewer, we saw more competition between the baby sitters resulting in price decreases. Today with fewer baby sitters, all with busy scheduals, and more young children we see the damand increase resulting in an increase of price.

buy custom Baby Care essay

buy custom Baby Care essay Introduction Baby care According to (Swanson, 2000), giving the infant the experience with what is safe and available in your home gives the baby a grasp of reality and life. The babys family should stimulate the babys touch and interaction as a part of her growth emotionally, mentally, and physically. The emotional care is given to the baby is her foundation for a lively and healthy baby. This is the basic care given to children. This surmised to be the primary goal of every parent. As noted by (Kishimoto Shizawa, 2008, p.287), each parent should endeavor in feeding the child well, as this plays an important role in preventing the child from contracting diseases. Essentially, one of the basic things that should be taken into account is the child sleep. The child should be swaddled well because, small children have big surface are to volume ratio, therefore; they should be kept warm and comfortable. This keeps them more secure, and they feel better, when they are tightly swaddled. This may vary with some children kicking the blanket. However, it is generally a requirement for all newborn children to undergo this procedure. One is required to lay the blanket to be a square. It should be followed by many receiving blankets which are mostly given in a package. The blanket is then placed as a diamond the head of the baby goes in one corner of the square blanket, the arms of the baby pointed the two corners and, the foot pointing the last corner which points the opposite of the head. Here, draw up first the foot portion, leave the arms on the chest, and bring one flap of the blanket over and tightly tuck it under, then, bring the other flap over and tuck it under. In doing this, child is tightly swaddled. When preparing for the arrival of the child from the hospital, it is necessary for one to have a good bottle, and a pacifier in the house. Consequently, one could wonder as to why bottle is necessary bearing in mind that the child is going to be breast fed, but these bottles come in handy in the event that the mother would require a break and leave the child in someones care. Therefore, the mothers milk is pumped into this bottle for someone else to feed the baby. It is also very important as it helps the baby in getting used to bottle feeding. The pacifiers, on the other hand, are of great help especially if the baby is fussy, who after coming home from hospital wont sleep as asserted by (Bostan, 1999, p. 87). The only disadvantages of using a pacifier is that the baby it might cause nipple confusion to the baby, and make the baby not want to latch on too well, in the event that one is planning to breast feed. In many cases, however, your child will guide in the way she likes to be treated from her responses on various treatment through crying or otherwise. This will bring out parental instinct the will guides one auto matically. Responses to babys cries A baby just like any other person needs to communicate. The media through which a child communicates are through crying. Therefore, anytime a child cries, she there is a message she is trying to put across that needs to be responded to that situation (Rowe Allison, 2010, p.240). It may imply that he is hungry or uncomfortable. It helps her in responding to sensations that are too intense to suit him and assists in release tension. Your baby may have fussy periods throughout the day and may be inconsolable, but after this periods, she back to her normal self and seems more alert than before, which is normally followed by good deep sleep. This condition helps the babies to release excess energy. If one pays close attention to different cries with time one is soon able to tell when she needs to be tended to, picked up, or consoled and those times that she needs to be on herself. One may even master specific needs, by the way, she cries. For example, for a hungry baby the cry is characterized by short and low-pitched, with rising and falling intervals. While, for an angry baby the cry is more unstable. The cry implying that she needs to be left alone is similar to the hunger cry. According to (Rowe, Allison, 2010, p 245), as the baby grows up, the cries become more elaborate as opposed to newborns cries that may sometimes overlap confusing one of the intended messages. In response to the infants cries, one should try to attend to the most pressing issues first. In case she is cold, hungry and his diapers are wet, the first thing should bemaking the baby warm then move on to feeding her. If the this cry persist, one should try the following and see which technique works for her: Rocking her in your arms and swaying her from side to side, singing, walking him in your arms, a stroller, or a carriage, Gently patting his chest or back, Playing soft music, a tight blanket that the baby has been swaddled in, give her a warm bath, Riding in the car, Burping her to relieve any trapped gas bubbles. In the event that all this fails, it is advisable to leave the baby alone since some babies have to cry before crying. In case, the baby is tired the cry mostly does not last long. If all this techniques proves futile, then the baby might be sick so the first thing one should do is checking the babys rectal temperature and if it exceeds 100 degrees Fahrenheit she could be having an infection and one should contact a pediatrician. In tackling with the baby when she is crying, one should be relaxed in doing this. Babies are sensitive to tension around them, and so when on panics it may worsen the cries of the baby as noted by (Zwart Ledebt, 2005, p. 249). Therefore, if you are unable to handle the baby at that point one should seek assistance from another person who is experienced with those kinds of situations, a change in faces can at times calm the baby. One should never result to shaking the baby as this could have an adverse effect to the child. For example, shaking an infant hard can bring blindness, brain damage, or even death. One should not take the babys cry personally it only normal for small children to cry. You should always be realistic to the approach to different circumstances, seek help whenever necessary and, give yourself plenty of rest. Helping your baby to sleep An infants stomach can only hold enough for three to four hours. For this reason, constant feeding and waking is a normal occurrence for the first few weeks. It is never so early to teach the baby that nighttime is for sleeping and day time for play. This is effectively achieved by maintaining nighttime feeding as subdued as possible. One should never turn on the lights at night when the baby is sleeping or prolonging the late-night diaper change. During the day, one should occasionally wake the baby in the late afternoon and try playing with her. The way to position the baby for sleep An infant of the age of between 0-4 months should be placed on her back while sleeping as this safer as it prevents Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS). Since within the duration of the first six months of the babys life, that SIDS is more prevalent. It is also important to note that it is never safe to place your child on soft, porous surfaces such as pillows or quilts as this may block the babys airway and suffocate her. Therefore, firm mattresses covered by a sheet are recommended as argued by (Zwart Ledebt, 2005). By three months, the baby weighs between 12-13 pounds is capable of sleeping between six to eight hours since their stomachs have now grown. In the case of this stage, if the child starts late-night wake-up, then the baby may be in a teething or development changes. Every parent should make it a habit of helping the baby doze off by giving them continuous stimulation. Toddler is the age where children are learning to walk. This occurs at the age between 1-2 years. This is a very crucial age for a child. It is the stage between infancy and childhood. When a child is able to learn and grow in many ways. At this stage, children learn to walk, talk and solve problems that they are encountering at this stage. The main challenge at this stage for the child is learning to be independent. They try to learn doing things for themselves and, have their own ideas on things around them. At this stage is normally characterized by vigorous growth and change, mood swings and so negativity. Though they will on many things, they are limited on skills. Thats the reason behind why they would often tend to misbehave. Toddlers with much energy and ideas they are eager to explore their environment. They feel so independent, while in the real sense, real sense they are very dependent. They are so troubled with their own needs and ideas. Thats the reason why at this stage they display a selfish nature to other people and other people. They feel so frustrated because they lack the language skills to express themselves. Therefore, they became inseparable from their parents and other whom they feel understands them. They beegin to take an interest in being toilet trained, and at the age of three, they are referred as preschoolers. This is the stage whereby, they are toilet trained, becoming more independent, and are developing verbal skills, they take a keen interest on the world around them. Their main aspects of growth being: physical, social, intellectual, and emotional. Physical development At this point, their growth is less quickly compared to infancy. They also tend to eat less, but will eat frequently throughout the day. From time to time, they are capable of scribbling and can stand blocks (Rowe Allison, 2010). They are able to drink from a cup but will do this will help from someone. At this stage, they are capable of walking around without support at 14 months. Many toddlers are in a position to walk backward and up steps by the time they are 22 months. At the age, of two years now they have really grown, and they can separate things, and put them back together. For example, screwing and unscrewing lids. Their legs and arms are now strong for them to kick and throw balls and the other thing around. They also are in a position to stand on tip toes. They have, at this point developed the coordination of their body and now can run, climb on things, walk up and down the stairs or even dig; though risky. They feel the discomfort brought about by the soiled or wet diapers. The social and emotional training For one year olds, they are out to do most things independently; they very quickly forget the rules set by their parents as noted by (Rowe Allison, 2010). High tempers and persistent tantrums become an everyday norm. Possessiveness and lack of willingness to share things with other children are common phenomena. They love playing by themselves or besides but dare not to play with those other children. Mostly at this stage, they always seek attention from their parents and other members of their families. They begin to express new emotions like shame, jealous pride or even affection. They want to be in constant company of their parents and in their absence they will tend to keep asking for them. They also suffer from rapid mood swings, and posses intense emotions but are usually very short-lived. In the case, of the two-year olds, they often refuse to be assisted when doing things. The two year olds are more secure of themselves than the one year children. They begin to play simple pretend games. They normally play short and simple fantasy games, and do not involve others. They try to assert themselves by saying no or disagreeing with other people. At this stage, they continuously act in opposition of what they are told to do; rebellious. They are easily and quickly frustrated and will be seen imitating the behavior of adults and others. Intellectual development This are those activities that toddlers are involved in, to show that the brain of the child is growing. In the case, of a one year old, their attention span is normally so short and, then becomes distracted by one thing or the other. They are so curious and what to know whatever is being done around them as noted by (Swanson, 2000). They try to combine words to form a sentence. Whenever they want something they always communicate by pointing at things that want. They are able to name body parts and pictures, many at times they imitates sounds that are familiar to them. They begin to involve a second person in pretend plays. They begin using the pronoun me and mine when referring to things that they believe is theirs. They end up using objects for intended use. They are always very active; since their imagination is also developing they always confuse what is real from what is imaginary. In conclusion, the two year olds, they are capable of following simple directions. They object to represent other objects. They are also capable of using three or more words when conversing. They are capable of expressing their feelings and wishes. It becomes very difficult for them to make choices. Many at times they join in simple songs and, think of doing something before doing it. It is very important for parents to take their time and watch their children as they play, because it is through this that they are able to notice various differences in their childs growth, be it, weight, or height or how they relate with other children. It is through this that they would be capable of noticing whether their children are growing normally or not. Buy custom Baby Care essay

Compare Mass Transit and High Speed Railway in China and the US Essay

Compare Mass Transit and High Speed Railway in China and the US - Essay Example ormation from journals, books, newspapers and websites so that comparative data on the performance of the two countries on sustainability can be evaluated. The research found that China , being in a stage of rapid development and economic growth, has identified its mass transit systems as the backbone or as a pillar for growth. This attitude leads to rapid and innovative development of the mass transit system that is financially secure and environmentally sustainable. China also uses investments in mass transit as a propeller for effective and sustainable economic growth over the long term. China has also enhanced scope for continued development and expansion of the mass transit system as more and more regions need to be connected to bring about further growth impetus to the nation. On the other hand, the USA approaches mass transit as a necessary evil that needs to be sustained through subsidies and maintenance so that the public is kept satisfied and there is minimum harm to the en vironment. The lack of focus on the mass transit system makes the USA mass transit financially weak and causes environmental vulnerability. The USA also loses out on actively deploying the mass transit system to regenerate its economy. The research makes several recommendations like imbibing centralized planning and strategy, diversifying financial funding, focus on centralized and targeted environmental monitoring for mass transit and development of service quality. This chapter contains a discussion of the conceptual framework that is used to compare the mass transit systems for the USA and China. The framework is based on the available literature on sustainability of transit systems and consists of financial, environmental, economic sustainability. It next contains a discussion of the sustainability of mass transit systems across the globe, and with a specific emphasis on the USA and China. While the research is aimed at comparing the mass transit systems sustainability between