Yellowstone Volcano - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1224 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/08/02 Category Environment Essay Level High school Tags: Volcano Essay Did you like this example? Introduction Yellowstone National Park is located in the Rocky Mountains in Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho. It is a popular park because it is home to over 10,000 features, several mountain ridges, headwater of 3 major western river system (?, 2015). Nevertheless, to say that is a beautiful place to visit, millions of visitors are unaware that they are standing in the largest, most explosive volcanoes ever to exist. It is important for people to be informed of the geologic aspects and the effects of the Yellowstone volcano. Geologic aspects Tectonic setting The tectonic setting of the Yellowstone volcano sits atop of a continental hotspot. While North America plates moved west they slowly moved over the hotspot that is now below Yellowstone [IJ1](Volcano World, n.d). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Yellowstone Volcano" essay for you Create order Activity The Yellowstone volcano has not erupted recently it is considered to be active. Although Yellowstone volcano is active, it is unlikely to erupt in the next thousand or even 10,000 years (Yellowstone Volcano, n.d). Such activities as ground motion, earthquakes, and hydrothermal activities are proof that the volcano is active (Lowenstern, Christianse, Smith, Morgan, and Heasler, 2005). It is estimated that about 1,000 to 3,000 earthquakes occur under Yellowstone each year (?, 2015). Magma Most of Yellowstone volcano eruptions has produced giant volcanic eruptions (Lowenstern, Christianse, Smith, Morgan, and Heasler, 2005). When eruptions take place the common magma present is silicic. Much of the composition of Yellowstone volcano lava is composed of rhyolite and basalt (An Overview of Yellowstone, n.d). To be precise, about 30 eruptions of rhyolitic lava moved around/ flew while other flows contained rhyolite and basalt that were expelled outside the caldera (Lowenstern, Christianse, Smith, Morgan, and Heasler, 2005). Considering the Yellowstone volcano is active, there has been non explosive eruptions. Some eruptions that have occurred about 27 of them rhyolite lava flew in the caldera, 13 rhyolite lavas flew outside the caldera and 40 basalt vents outside the caldera [IJ2](USGS, n.d). Type of volcano The Yellowstone volcano is a volcanic caldera and supervolcano(). [IJ3]Since its a supervolcano it is capable of exploding more than 240 cubic miles of magma (Yellowstone Volcano, n.d). How often it erupts Since the first to the last eruption of the Yellowstone volcano, we can calculate that the eruptions were separated in time by several tens of thousands of years. To be precise, the recurrence interval is about 6000,000 to 800,000 years (USGS, n.d). Based in Yellowstone past eruptions, the probability of another caldera- forming eruption is only 0.00014% (Volcano, n.d.). Although scientist dont know when will Yellowstone volcano will erupt again, scientist from Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO) observe an array of monitor [IJ4]in the region. These monitors are fit to detect any sudden or strong movement of shifts in the area that could indicate activity in the Yellowstone volcano (Yellowstone Volcano, n.d). Precursors From the past eruptions, there was not information of any precursors to those eruptions. However, now there are precursors to eruptions in the Yellowstone volcano. The precursors include strong earthquakes swarms and rapid ground deformation (Yellowstone Volcano, n.d). Also, ground movement can be a precursor to magma moving towards the surface (USGS, n.d). Good news is that due to these precursors, the eruptions will not occur right away, it will typically take days to weeks before the eruption (Yellowstone Volcano, n.d). Description of eruptions From the history of the three-enormous caldera forming eruption that took place 2.1 million and 640,000 years ago, tiny particles of volcanic debris were presented in which it covered much of the western half of North America (Volcano, n.d.). At first when the eruptions occurred immense volumes of magma erupted at the surface and into the atmosphere as a variety of volcanic red-got pumice, volcanic ash, and gas spread as pyroclastic flows flew everywhere (Lowenstern, Christianse, Smith, Morgan, and Heasler, 2005). As the wind carried sulfur aerosol and ash particles around the Earth it might of have cause a decrease in temperatures around the globe (). Not to mention that the effect of the rapid withdrawals of the large volumes of magma below the Earths surface caused the ground to collapse, swallowing mountains and originated calderas (Lowenstern, Christianse, Smith, Morgan, and Heasler, 2005). Effects on people/ environment Major eruptions Yellowstone volcano major eruptions were capable of obscuring parts of North America continent with ash and debris (USGS, n.d). The first major eruption occurred 2.1 million years ago, the eruption was enormous that it was considered one of the five largest eruption on Earth that created caldera more than 60 miles across (Lowenstern, Christianse, Smith, Morgan, and Heasler, 2005). The eruption produced about 600 cubic miles of rock and ash An Overview of Yellowstone, n.d). As a result of the widespread volcanic deposits, it created the Huckleberry Ridge Tuff (Lowenstern, Christianse, Smith, Morgan, and Heasler, 2005). Moreover, the most recent eruption occurred 640,000 years ago. The eruption produced huge volumes of volcanic ash that were blasted into the atmosphere. In addition, it created 35-mile-wide and 50 long Yellowstone calderas (Lowenstern, Christianse, Smith, Morgan, and Heasler, 2005). After the eruption, the ground collapsed into the magma reservoir, creating a caldera 75 km long and 55 km wide (Volcano, n.d). As we can see [IJ5]each of these eruptions created a sizable caldera (USGS, n.d). Concerns now/ Hazards A concern that people have is how big an eruption of the Yellowstone volcano would be like. It is believed that the eruption would impact the entire world not just Teton Country. Some hazards include the loss of lifes, damage to property, cascading events, long and expensive recovery effort and economic losses (Volcano, n.d.). Expected for next eruption Even though there is not a set date of when Yellowstone volcano will erupt, people expect the eruption to be big. If an eruption occurs, it would produce thick ash deposits that would bury a huge area of the United States and injection of huge volumes of volcanic gases that will get high in the atmosphere resulting an effect on global climate (Lowenstern, Christianse, Smith, Morgan, and Heasler, 2005). But others believe that the eruption will be hydrothermal. Even though the eruption would be small it will still be an explosive eruption since it can occur from shallow reservoirs of steam or hot water. This eruption will produce lava flows of either rhyolite or basalt. If it happens to be a rhyolite lava flows, then it incorporates explosive phases that create significant volumes of volcanic ash and pumice (USGS, n.d.). Current state of the volcano As on April 2, 2018, the Yellowstone volcano alert level is normal (USGS, n.d). Warning systems Most scientist believe that the buildup preceding a catastrophic eruption would be detectable for weeks or even months to years. Being said this, there isnt any information of any warning systems in place. But if there is are any signs of an eruption, the park would communicate accurate and timely information to visitors, employees, surrounding communities, media outlets [IJ6](Yellowstone Volcano, n.d). Conclusion In conclusion, Yellowstone volcano is considered to be active even if it hasnt erupted recently. It is important to know that it is one of the largest and most explosive volcanoes on the planet. The eruptions of this volcano have caused damages that we could not see but it is safe to say that we wont see one any time soon. Being informed of the Yellowstone volcano gives a deeper insight of how the Yellowstone National Park came to form.

A Business Leader Of The 21st Century - 2802 Words

Executive Summary The purpose of this assignment was to critically evaluate and analyse a business leader of the 21st century. For this particular study, the leadership of Bill Gates (Gates) will be discussed and his role in creating a company as big as Microsoft. Bill Gates, a visionary, was responsible for creating this company from the beginning (1975) and has since became one of the world s wealthiest and richest man. Gates was well known for being extremely intelligent and discontinuing his studies at Harvard to pursue the Microsoft vision. This paper seeks to evaluate the leadership concepts and theories whilst also discussing relevant contingency models in respect to the leader (Gates), followers and situations. The paper concludes with Gates being an inspiration and transformational leader in what was and what is still, one of the most dynamic industries in the world. Table of Contents Introduction 3 Bill Gates Evaluation 4 Leadership Traits of Bill Gates 5 The Interactional Framework 5 Role Theory 5 Multiple-Influence Model 5 The Action - Observation-Reflection Model 5 Normative Decision Model 5 Situational Leadership Model 5 Leading Differently Then Bill Gates 11 Conclusion 11 References 13 Introduction Leadership could be considered a process, not a position, so it is important to understand that all leaders vary in the way they will lead. Leadership can be loosely defined as the process of influencing an organised group towards accomplishing it sShow MoreRelatedLeadership Of A 21st Century Business Leader2754 Words   |  12 Pagestheories and models critically evaluate and analyse the leadership of a 21st century business leader. If you were in the position of the leader, what could you do to be a better leader and make a stronger impact on the followers and the situation/s? Word count 2527 words Executive summary The paper explores the leadership of a relatively new business owner and provides a strategy for development. A background of the leader and his organisation is given along with a description of individual teamRead MoreThe Main Threats That Business Leaders Within The 21st Century1531 Words   |  7 Pages2016). This report seeks to explore the main threats that business leaders in the 21st century face which corporate governments attempt to control, in addition to providing insight as to the board characteristics and stakeholder impact that organisations have, in order to combat issues of misconduct and corruption within managerial practices. Thus, extensive secondary research will be applied in relation to key contemporary areas of business being globalisation, ethics and diversity in order to examineRead MoreLeadership A 21st Century Leader Of A Business, Government Or Not For Profit1559 Words   |  7 Pagescritically evaluate and analyse the leadership of a 21st century leader of a (business, government or not-for-profit) organisation. If you were in the position of the leader, what could you do to be a better leader and make a stronger impact on the followers and on the situation? Write a report in which you cover the following: †¢ a clear description of the leader, the organisation/industry, and situation/context †¢ an evaluation of the leader by referring to concepts and theories covered in theRead MoreThe Leadership Of 21st Century Business Leader Steven Paul Jobs903 Words   |  4 Pages1. Introduction Hughes, Ginnett and Curphy (2015) explains that leadership is a complex phenomenon involving the leader, their followers and the situation in order to accomplish goals. This report details an evaluation of the leadership of 21st century business leader Steven Paul Jobs, focused specifically on his role as CEO and Founder of Apple Computer better known today as Apple Inc. The report will also incorporate aspects of his roles at Pixar and NeXT Company. Section two contains backgroundRead MoreDifferences Between 20th And 21st Century Essay1503 Words   |  7 Pages Differences between 20th and 21st Century Leadership David D. Wimberly University of Maryland University College Professor Nina Kostalas â€Æ' Introduction Companies need to review organizational structures, position the company strategically to secure a competitive advantage, and sustainability in through people-centric leadership and adopting 21st-century strategies to retain profit and relevancy (Basavanthappa, 2014). To do this requires leadership: a scientific concept whose central hypothesisRead MoreInterview Questions For A Vice President Of The Marketing Division Essay814 Words   |  4 Pagesfollowing are proposed interview questions addressing issues such as the 21st business landscape, the role of the leader, leadership styles, the need to bring trust to the corporation, and globalization The 21st business landscape 1. Do you have the qualities of a successful 21st century business leader? The answer expected is â€Å"yes†, as the perfect candidate for the position should have the qualities of a 21st century business leader? 2. What are they? They include but are not limited to confidence, adaptabilityRead MoreTo What Extent Is Psychological Contract Applicable in the 21st Century?954 Words   |  4 Pagespsychological contract applicable in the 21st century? Psychological contract, not written compared to legal contract, is mostly accepted by the two parties in the employment. In 21st century, since the nature of work has experienced a great change, psychological contract, which seems to have new content, is paid more attention to than before. It appears that a fair and positive psychological contract may contribute to success of a business. The first session of the essay will defineRead More To survive the 21st century we are go Essay1271 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Ã¢â‚¬ËœTo survive the 21st century, we are going to need a new generation of leaders’ (Warren Bennis 1992). Critically discuss this statement using appropriate theory and relevant examples to support your answer. The twenty-first century has been a key period in the alteration of the dimensions of managerial and leadership change throughout the business world. A key development within this sector has been ethical leadership; this essay will examine the dimensions of ethical leadership, the disconnectionsRead MoreConsiderations for 21st Century Management and Organizational Cultures777 Words   |  3 PagesConsiderations for 21st Century Management Organizational Cultures The four management themes are intriguing and challenging to current and future managers. People, especially those in leadership positions should always be looking for way to improve. One such method as suggested by the readings includes looking to other countries for new strategies, particularly those countries that are stable and relatively progressive. Such examples would include Switzerland, Sweden, and Japan. No matter whatRead MoreThe 21st Century Manager Needs More710 Words   |  3 Pagesunderstanding that managers of the 21st century need certain theories to help and support the work place, theories such as Maslow, Hertzberg , Elton mayo ,Beldins , John Adair , Isabel Briggs, Dougles Mc Gregor, Tajfel , Tuckmen , Jung , bloom. The 21st century manager has an immense importance in the workplace because; they have the responsibility to make sure teams are working effectively to develop and achieving individual goals in the workplace, to meet them business aims and objectives. In this

The Analysis The The Gibbons Essay - 1518 Words

The ‘Trio’ are three qualified (bachelor of communications) designers who have come up with a hit bi-monthly animation, â€Å"The Gibbons†. It is comprised of two distinctive characters and has raised a cult following of cartoon fans aged fourteen to twenty-three while being free to view. The two characters from the animation are very unique and portray a style that has made the animation and instant classic. Each member of the trio is an animation artist and they evenly distribute the workload. From a managerial perspective, it is important to protect the Trio’s intellectual property. In this essay I will take on a managerial perspective and analyse copyright, creative commons, and trademarking/passing off to find out the most suitable protection for the trio’s intellectual property. The Trio’s creative output could potentially be copyrighted to protect their intellectual property. For starters, they and their product meet the four main conditions to satisfy for copyright protection; the item must be copyrightable, the item must be sufficiently copyrightable, the author must be a qualified person, and the item must exist to some extent of tangibility (Bainbridge, D. 2006). Because the animation itself is uploaded on the internet, it is considered tangible and therefore subject to be copyrighted. The three members of the Trio have graduated from a bachelor’s degree in communications, which covers a range of topics including visual material. This means that they are qualified toShow MoreRelatedGibbons versus Proctor Case Analysis960 Words   |  4 Pagesthe minds requires presence of the knowledge of the offer. If we follow the foreign jurisdiction, Jonathan is highly unlikely to be able to claim the reward. However, it has been suggested that knowle dge is not a prerequisite to accept an offer in Gibbons v Proctor. This is because good deed must be rewarded and the return of the Minnie is a form of factual benefit to David, therefore it is suffice to enforce a promise. Hence, Jonathan has the right to claim the reward if he chooses to do so. On theRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Watchmen By Dave Gibbons1463 Words   |  6 PagesWatchmen written by Alan Moore and illustrated by Dave Gibbons utilizes the literary tool of symbols to connect ideas and themes. Time is a major theme throughout the comic and plays a significant part in the structure and outcome of the story. This theme is successfully coupled to the theme of destiny by the use of the clock and other symbols that are present throughout the comic. Symbols such as clocks, the smiley pin, and the graffiti are utilized to efficiently connect the themes of time, justiceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Watchmen By Moore And Gibbons1114 Words   |  5 Pagesconcise, every n ation would have an identical criminal codes. However, mortality is subjective as religion, culture and personal opinions influence human’s judgment of what is right and wrong. The graphic novel Watchmen, written and drawn by Moore and Gibbons is a graphic novel about a mysterious murderer hunting vigilantes formally known as the Watchmen. While the remainder of the former members of the Watchmen are searching for this mysterious murderer, the graphic novel depicts how each vigilante hadRead MoreAnalysis Of Peter Gibbons s Work850 Words   |  4 Pages1. Peter Gibbons gives exhibits low effort and energy into his work assignments at Initech. He is not motivated to adhere to company policies and procedures, because for him there is no incentive to doing so. For example, Peter believes that if he works extra hard to complete the reports on time and to add a coversheet (mandated), he does not see another dime, and his efforts are unrewarded. Therefore, he does the minimal amoun t of work that he believes will prevent him from getting fired. I believeRead MoreAnalysis Of Watchman By Alan Moore And Dave Gibbon1570 Words   |  7 PagesTake a moment to think of a superhero. What comes to mind? Superman, with his iconic pairing of a red cape and a blue suit, or perhaps Batman’s dark and mysterious bat costume? Now choose a female superhero, such as Wonder Woman. Revealing â€Å"armor† that barely protects anything besides her torso and wrists, and a focus on beauty and stereotypical femininity instead of functionality and her primary role as a strong, respected heroine. This same trend of sexualizing and looking down upon women is asRead MoreAnalysis Of Alan Moore And Dave Gibbon s Gives Us A Peak Of What A World Would Be Like With1238 Words   |  5 Pages In Watchmen, Alan Moore and Dave Gibbon’s gives us a peak of what a world would be like with costumed heroes. The story questions the definition of a hero and their limitations. The graphic novel breaks down the genre by focusing on characters who only appear as heroes. The idea of vigilantism, violence, sense of justice, and gender are all examined in the lens of this apocalyptic and utopian world. When we think of superheroes, who do we normally picture? Most of us will probably think of SupermanRead MoreWatching the Watchmen Essay937 Words   |  4 PagesWatching the Watchmen While reading Watchmen with the purpose of textual analysis, there are many different things to consider. Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons took many original approaches to the typical super hero story when formulating this novel. Watchmen is a story about a group of outlawed super heroes in New York City. The story lines and backgrounds of particular characters are shown during the comic, and we see how different these characters are from the stories of typical super heroesRead MoreA Critical Analysis Of Analyzing Published Research1189 Words   |  5 PagesPublished Research Analysis of data is important because it allows the researchers to derive meaning from the data collected. Numerous research studies are published online and while the internet is a great resource place to find an article, it is also contain innumerable information that are irrelevant to topic being searched. After scrutiny of the papers selected at the first part of this assignment, two published research studies were selected. This paper will provide the analysis of informationRead MoreFederalism Vs. Judicial Review899 Words   |  4 Pagesfederalism, judicial review was one of the initial startups of individual rights with Supreme Court cases that will be later mentioned. Federalism and judicial review paved the way for the start up and stability of individual rights. Before the analysis of how federalism and judicial review plays a part in individual rights, one must know what exactly they are. Federalism is a system that spreads the powers over two or more political structures. These structures could be as small as cities and goRead MoreSelf Critique Of Charles Kebler As Sales Manager Essay1561 Words   |  7 Pagesit came to actual sales. Hammond did pass his planned target sales by quite a bit but did not have the highest amount of actual sales compared to other reps on the team. 4. Gibbons – $2,700 I allocated the amount above to this rep because he was the fourth-best performer on the team when it came to actual sales. Gibbons also passed his planned target sales number by a good margin as well but did not have the highest actual sales. 5. Foster – $1,100 This rep was awarded the amount above because

Avoidant Personality Disorder Essay Research Paper Avoidant free essay sample

Avoidant Personality Disorder Essay, Research Paper Avoidant Personality Disorder, ( APD ) , is one of the most socially impeding types of psychological jobs known to humanity. From the minute a individual is born, they begin to develop their ain individuality, their ain personality. Many different factors come into drama during the development of one? s personality. Unfortunately, each single personality may besides incorporate a personality upset. The American Psychiatric Association describes APD as? a persuasive form of societal suppression, feelings of insufficiency, and hypersensitivity to negative rating, get downing in childhood and nowadays in a assortment of contexts? . When a individual views himself or herself as socially awkward, personally unsympathetic, or inferior to others, these are all considered symptoms of APD. Other symptoms of APD include: the involuntariness to be involved in activities with others unless there is a certainty of being liked, a changeless preoccupation with being criticized or rejected in societal state of affairss, and the vacillation to prosecute in new activities for the fright that they may turn out abashing ( Kantor, 16 ) . Although many people with this upset still have the ability to associate to others suitably, that is non ever the instance. In some instances, a individual with APD may stop up populating a life of close isolation ( Kantor, 19 ) . Avoidants, people that suffer from APD, use these traits to ache others in an emotional facet so that they can avoid a close relationship with them. They like to expose their ill will in an? unfastened? mode by dissing people who try to be friendly. The concluding behind this behaviour is really simple. By the avoidants originating the first rejection, they are besides able to project themselves off from the other individual at the same clip. This brings about the consequence of the avoidant rejecting themself, instead than confront rejection from the other individual. The basic rule behind all of this rejection is the thought that if the other individual is rejected foremost, the avoidant finds their ain rejection less painful because they did non like that individual anyhow ( Costello, 74 ) . Most of the clip avoidants reject people who would hold neer rejected them in the first topographic point ( Costello, 66 ) . It is the fright of possible rejection that drives them to make thi s. Another affected component in an avoidant # 8217 ; s life is their address form. In fact, most avoidants use frequent intermissions, and talk really slow, while other avoidants may seek to be? surpassing? , perchance due to the false belief that uninterrupted speaking will forestall decease, an avoidants worst fright ( Kantor, 105 ) . APD sick persons have trouble beginning and maintaining relationships. Avoidants will frequently prove others to find whether they are being true in their friendly relationship. Because they may often see rejection where it does non be, the people tested tend to neglect these? trials? and so subsequently are avoided, once more based in the fright that they may reject or mortify those with APD ( Costello, 72 ) . In some instances, avoidants may seek to be a perfectionist and reject anyone who does non populate up to their perfect criterions. Some people that have APD even believe that they must avoid familiarity because giving love to others reduces the energy they have available for themselves and that they need for their ain life ( Akhtar, 34 ) . Avoidants tend to hold low self-prides and believe that they are unworthy of being in successful relationships ( Long ) . Experts have connected heredity and antenatal maternal factors with APD. There is scientific grounds that proves that a kid that lives in a timid environment in babyhood is prone to develop APD subsequently in life ( Costello, 46 ) . Another of import factor that contributes to the development of APD is parental rejection. Parental Rejection can destruct a kid? s optimism, go forthing them with feelings of societal isolation. A common inquiry that a forsaken kid might inquire would be, ? If my parents won? T accept me, so who will? ? A 2nd factor that APD can be derived from is peer rejection ( Costello, 47 ) . When a kid? s friends begin to joke and do merriment of them, avoidants begin to knock themselves. When kids can non turn to their equals or parents for a relationship, they learn to get by with rejection by pulling their outward emotions inward. APD normally surfaces in the ulterior adolescent old ages to early maturity. An equal sum of both work forces and adult females are affected by this upset ( Akhtar, 05 ) . Harmonizing to a survey by Greenberg A ; Stravynski, more work forces are being referred for professional aid than adult females are ( Akhtar, 06 ) . One possible ground for the difference in this demographic is that society normally expects work forces to be the instigators in relationships with adult females. Presently, there are two major divisions of interventions for this personality upset: pharmacological and psychotherapy therapy. Depending whether the patient is self-destructive or non find how the head-shrinker, or healer, will make up ones mind to handle the person. All methods of intervention Begin with the hardening of an confederation between the patient and healer to forestall early frights of rejection. Doctors can, and frequently do, order many different types of medicine for patients enduring from APD. These drugs autumn under the categorization of antidepressants. Imipramine, desipramine hydrochloride, Adapin, Librium, and Valium are some common antidepressants ( Akhtar, 02 ) . One method used in psychotherapeutics is avoidance decrease. Avoidance decrease is a technique in which an avoidant is easy introduced into accepting environments small by small ( Costello, 111 ) . It is similar to techniques found in other types of psychotherapeuticss. There are three chief attacks used in turning away decrease: supportive therapy, positive remarks, and reassurance ( Long ) . These three attacks give the patient encouragement to prosecute in what seems to be normal, mundane activity. The sarcasm comes in the fact that avoidants are non likely to travel to a support group or go to regular assignments with a healer because of their enormous fright of rejection. All successful methods of intervention must get down with the hardening of an confederation between the patient and healer in order to forestall premature frights of rejection. Bibliographies: 1. Akhtar, Salman. Broken Structures: Personality Disorders A ; Their Treatment. Jason Aronson, Inc. : York, PA 2000. 2. Bayer, Linda N. Personality Disorders. Macmillan Publishing: New York, NY 2000. 3. Costello, Charles G. Personality Characteristics of the Personality Disordered. Wiley A ; Sons, Inc. : New York, New York 1995 4. Kantor, Martin. Distancing: A Guide to Avoidance and Avoidant Personality Disorder. Praeger Publishers: Westport, CN 1993 5. Long, Phillip MD. ? Avoidant Personality Disorder? . Online: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mentalhealth.com/dis/p20-pe08.html Updated: 2001 ( 11-20-01 ) Bibliography Bibliographies: 1. Akhtar, Salman. Broken Structures: Personality Disorders A ; Their Treatment. Jason Aronson, Inc. : York, PA 2000. 2. Bayer, Linda N. Personality Disorders. Macmillan Publishing: New York, NY 2000. 3. Costello, Charles G. Personality Characteristics of the Personality Disordered. Wiley A ; Sons, Inc. : New York, New York 1995 4. Kantor, Martin. Distancing: A Guide to Avoidance and Avoidant Personality Disorder. Praeger Publishers: Westport, CN 1993 5. Long, Phillip MD. ? Avoidant Personality Disorder? . Online: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.mentalhealth.com/dis/p20-pe08.html Updated: 2001 ( 11-20-01 )